Vientiane Province is located in the northwest of the country. Vientiane is a large province with 10 districts. The province borders Luang Prabang Province to the north and Xieng Khouang Province to the northeast.

Although tourism has grown rapidly in the capital Vientiane, most rural peoples still depend upon agriculture for their livelihoods. The Vientiane Plain which covers Vientiane Province and Vientiane Municipality is one of six major rice producing plains in Laos.